Another room in the Castle · King, Rosencrantz, Hamlet
Claudius admits he cannot punish Hamlet openly because the people love him, so exile must be dressed up as a considered decision. Hamlet is brought in and, instead of revealing where Polonius's body is, delivers a run of macabre jokes about worms eating kings and beggars alike, before being told he is being shipped to England. Alone, Claudius reveals that the sealed letters travelling with Hamlet order the English king to execute him on arrival.
Enter King, attended.
King
I have sent to seek him and to find the body.
I've sent men to find him and to find the body.
How dangerous is it that this man goes loose!
How dangerous it is, letting this man run loose —
Yet must not we put the strong law on him:
and yet I can't come down on him with the full force of the law.
He’s lov’d of the distracted multitude,
Who like not in their judgement, but their eyes;
The unstable crowd adores him, and crowds judge with their eyes, not their minds;
And where ’tis so, th’offender’s scourge is weigh’d,
But never the offence.
where that's true, all anyone weighs is the punishment, never the crime.
To bear all smooth and even,
This sudden sending him away must seem
Deliberate pause.
So to keep everything smooth, this sudden shipping him abroad has to look like a decision we've thought carefully about.
Diseases desperate grown
By desperate appliance are reliev’d,
Or not at all.
Desperate illnesses are cured by desperate treatment, or not cured at all.
Enter Rosencrantz.
King
How now?
Well?
What hath befall’n?
What's happened?
Rosencrantz
Where the dead body is bestow’d, my lord,
We cannot get from him.
We can't get him to tell us where he's put the body, my lord.
King
But where is he?
But where is he?
Rosencrantz
Without, my lord, guarded, to know your pleasure.
Outside, my lord, under guard, waiting to hear what you want done.
King
Bring him before us.
Bring him in to us.
Rosencrantz
Ho, Guildenstern!
Guildenstern!
Bring in my lord.
Bring my lord in.
Enter Hamlet and Guildenstern.
King
Now, Hamlet, where’s Polonius?
Now, Hamlet — where is Polonius?
Hamlet
At supper.
At dinner.
King
At supper?
At dinner?
Where?
Where?
Hamlet
Not where he eats, but where he is eaten.
Not where he's eating, but where he's being eaten.
A certain convocation of
politic worms are e’en at him.
A whole political convention of worms is meeting over him right now.
Your worm is your only emperor for diet.
When it comes to eating, the worm is the one true emperor.
We fat all creatures else to fat us, and we fat ourselves for maggots.
We fatten every other animal to fatten ourselves, and we fatten ourselves for maggots.
Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service,—two dishes,
but to one table.
A fat king and a skinny beggar are just two courses off the same menu — two dishes, one table.
That’s the end.
That's how it ends.
King
Alas, alas!
God help us.
Hamlet
A man may fish with the worm that hath eat of a king, and eat of the
fish that hath fed of that worm.
A man can fish with a worm that has eaten a king, and then eat the fish that ate the worm.
King
What dost thou mean by this?
What are you getting at?
Hamlet
Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress through the guts
of a beggar.
Nothing, except to point out that a king can make a royal tour through a beggar's intestines.
King
Where is Polonius?
Where is Polonius?
Hamlet
In heaven.
In heaven.
Send thither to see.
Send someone up to check.
If your messenger find him not there,
seek him i’ th’other place yourself.
If your messenger doesn't find him there, go look in the other place yourself.
But indeed, if you find him not
within this month, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the
lobby.
But honestly, if you haven't found him within the month, you'll smell him as you climb the stairs to the lobby.
To some Attendants.
King
Go seek him there.
[To some attendants] Go and look for him there.
Hamlet
He will stay till you come.
He'll wait for you. He's in no hurry.
Exeunt Attendants.
King
Hamlet, this deed, for thine especial safety,—
Which we do tender, as we dearly grieve
For that which thou hast done,—must send thee hence
With fiery quickness.
Hamlet, what you've done means you have to leave here immediately — for your own safety, which matters to us as much as we grieve over the act itself.
Therefore prepare thyself;
So get ready.
The bark is ready, and the wind at help,
Th’associates tend, and everything is bent
For England.
The ship is waiting, the wind is right, your companions are standing by, and everything is set for England.
Hamlet
For England?
For England?
King
Ay, Hamlet.
Yes, Hamlet.
Hamlet
Good.
Good.
King
So is it, if thou knew’st our purposes.
It is good — if you knew what we intend by it.
Hamlet
I see a cherub that sees them.
I see an angel who knows what you intend.
But, come; for England!
But fine — off to England.
Farewell, dear
mother.
Goodbye, dear mother.
King
Thy loving father, Hamlet.
Your loving father, Hamlet.
Hamlet
My mother.
My mother.
Father and mother is man and wife; man and wife is one
flesh; and so, my mother.
Father and mother are husband and wife; husband and wife are one flesh; therefore, my mother.
Come, for England.
Come on — England.
Exit.
King
Follow him at foot.
Follow him closely.
Tempt him with speed aboard;
Delay it not;
Get him onto that ship quickly and don't let him stall;
I’ll have him hence tonight.
I want him out of Denmark tonight.
Away, for everything is seal’d and done
That else leans on th’affair.
Go — everything else the business depends on is signed and finished.
Pray you make haste.
Please, hurry.
Exeunt Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.
King
And England, if my love thou hold’st at aught,—
As my great power thereof may give thee sense,
Since yet thy cicatrice looks raw and red
After the Danish sword, and thy free awe
Pays homage to us,—thou mayst not coldly set
Our sovereign process,
And you, England — if my goodwill is worth anything to you (and my power should have taught you that it is, since the scar the Danish sword left on you still looks raw and you pay us tribute out of plain fear) — you had better not treat our royal order casually.
which imports at full,
By letters conjuring to that effect,
The present death of Hamlet.
The letters spell it out completely: Hamlet is to be put to death at once.
Do it, England;
Do it, England.
For like the hectic in my blood he rages,
And thou must cure me.
He burns in my blood like a fever, and you have to cure me.
Till I know ’tis done,
Howe’er my haps, my joys were ne’er begun.
Until I know it's done, nothing that happens to me will feel like happiness at all.
Exit.
Hamlet Act 4, Scene 3 summary
Claudius admits he cannot punish Hamlet openly because the people love him, so exile must be dressed up as a considered decision. Hamlet is brought in and, instead of revealing where Polonius's body is, delivers a run of macabre jokes about worms eating kings and beggars alike, before being told he is being shipped to England. Alone, Claudius reveals that the sealed letters travelling with Hamlet order the English king to execute him on arrival.
Who appears in this scene
King, Rosencrantz, Hamlet — Another room in the Castle.
Famous lines in Hamlet Act 4, Scene 3, explained
- “Not where he eats, but where he is eaten. A certain convocation of / politic worms are e’en at him. Your worm is your only emperor for diet.” (line 22)
- "Convocation" and "politic" are the language of councils and statecraft, so Hamlet turns the worms feeding on Polonius into a solemn political assembly — and the pun goes further, since the Diet of Worms was the famous 1521 assembly that tried Martin Luther, which is why "emperor for diet" lands as a joke about eating and about imperial politics at once. The point under the wordplay is that death outranks every human hierarchy: the worm, not Claudius, is the real emperor here. Hamlet is also being deliberately, insultingly clever at a moment when the King wants a straight answer.
- “We fat all creatures else to fat us, and we fat ourselves for maggots. / Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service,—two dishes, / but to one table.” (line 24)
- Hamlet reduces the whole food chain to one flat truth: we feed animals so we can eat them, and we are fed in turn to maggots. "Variable service" means different courses at the same meal, so a king and a beggar differ only in how they are plated. Coming from a prince, addressed to the king who murdered his father, this levelling is a threat as much as a philosophy — it tells Claudius his crown buys him nothing that matters.
- “Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress through the guts / of a beggar.” (line 31)
- A "progress" was a royal tour, a monarch parading through the country with an entourage while subjects turned out to watch. Hamlet imagines a dead king making that same grand procession through a beggar's digestive system, having been eaten by a worm that was eaten by a fish that was eaten by a poor man. It is a joke about decomposition, but Claudius understands the real content: the murdered king is not finished with him, and the man making the joke knows what he did.
- “Do it, England; / For like the hectic in my blood he rages, / And thou must cure me.” (line 67)
- Alone at last, Claudius drops the grieving-stepfather act and states plainly that the sealed letters order Hamlet's execution. A "hectic" is the persistent fever of a wasting disease, so he casts Hamlet as an infection and the English king as his physician — the same medical thinking as his earlier line that desperate diseases need desperate cures. It confirms for the audience that the trip to England is an assassination, which is what makes Hamlet's discovery and rewriting of the letters in Act 5 a matter of self-defence rather than revenge.
Keep reading
- Act 4, Scene 2 — modern English translation
- Act 4, Scene 4 — modern English translation
- All Hamlet scenes
About this translation: the original text follows the public-domain Project Gutenberg Globe edition; the modern English translation was written in-house for Polytranslator and is reviewed on an ongoing basis (last revised August 2026). Free to print and photocopy for classroom use. Cite as: “Hamlet, Act 4, Scene 3. Polytranslator side-by-side translation, polytranslator.com/shakespeare/hamlet/act-4-scene-3.”
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