Romeo and Juliet — Act 1, Scene 1in modern English, side by side

A public place · Sampson, Gregory, Abram, Balthasar, Benvolio, Tybalt, First Citizen, Capulet, Lady Capulet, Montague, Lady Montague, Prince, Romeo

The play opens on the streets of Verona, where servants of the feuding Capulet and Montague families brawl, drawing in Tybalt, the citizens, and both family patriarchs before the Prince intervenes and threatens death to anyone who fights again. Afterward, Benvolio learns from Romeo that his gloomy moping is love-sickness over Rosaline, a woman who has sworn never to love anyone.

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Enter Sampson and Gregory armed with swords and bucklers

Sampson

Gregory, on my word, we’ll not carry coals.

Gregory, I swear, we won't put up with disrespect from them.

Gregory

No, for then we should be colliers.

No, because then we'd be the ones taking the coal — that'd make us the coal-haulers, not them.

Sampson

I mean, if we be in choler, we’ll draw.

I mean, if we're angered, we'll draw our swords.

Gregory

Ay, while you live, draw your neck out o’ the collar.

Surejust make sure you don't get your neck caught before you can pull it out of the noose.

Sampson

I strike quickly, being moved.5

I strike fast once I'm provoked.

Gregory

But thou art not quickly moved to strike.

But you're not provoked fast.

Sampson

A dog of the house of Montague moves me.

Any dog from the Montague house provokes me.

Gregory

To move is to stir; and to be valiant is to stand:

To be provoked is to moveand to be brave is to stand your ground.

therefore, if thou

art moved, thou runn’st away.

So if you're provoked, that just means you run away.

Sampson

A dog of that house shall move me to stand.10

A dog from that house will provoke me to stand my ground.

I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague’s.

I'll take the inside of the sidewalk from any man or woman of Montague's.

Gregory

That shows thee a weak slave, for the weakest goes to the wall.

That just proves you're the weak onethe weakest always gets pushed to the wall.

Sampson

True, and therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to

the wall:

Trueand that's why women, being the weaker sex, always get pushed against the wall.

therefore I will push Montague’s men from the wall, and

thrust his maids to the wall.15

So I'll shove Montague's men off the wall, and push his women against it.

Gregory

The quarrel is between our masters and us their men.

The feud is between our masters and each othernot between us servants.

Sampson

’Tis all one, I will show myself a tyrant:

Doesn't matter to meI'll act like a tyrant.

when I have fought with the

men I will be civil with the maids, I will cut off their heads.

Once I've fought the men, I'll be "gentle" with the womenI'll take their heads.

Gregory

The heads of the maids?

The heads of the women?

Sampson

Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads;20

Yestheir heads, or their virginity.

take it in what sense20

thou wilt.

Take it however you like.

Gregory

They must take it in sense that feel it.

Whoever feels it will be the one to decide what it means.

Sampson

Me they shall feel while I am able to stand:

They'll feel me, all right, as long as I'm still standing

and ’tis known I am a

pretty piece of flesh.

and everyone knows I'm a fine specimen of a man.

Gregory

’Tis well thou art not fish; if thou hadst, thou hadst been poor John.25

Good thing you're not a fishif you were, you'd be a scrawny, dried-up one.

Draw thy tool; here comes of the house of Montagues.

Draw your weaponhere come some of the Montagues.

Enter Abram and Balthasar

Sampson

My naked weapon is out:

My sword's already out and ready.

quarrel, I will back thee.

Start somethingI'll back you up.

Gregory

How? Turn thy back and run?

What, you'll turn your back and run?

Sampson

Fear me not.

Don't worry about me.

Gregory

No, marry; I fear thee!30

No, I really am worriedabout you!

Sampson

Let us take the law of our sides; let them begin.

Let's stay within the lawlet them start it.

Gregory

I will frown as I pass by, and let them take it as they list.

I'll scowl as I walk past them, and let them take that however they want.

Sampson

Nay, as they dare.

Nohowever they dare.

I will bite my thumb at them, which is disgrace to

them if they bear it.

I'll bite my thumb at themthat's an insult, and it's on them if they let it stand.

Abram

Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?35

Are you biting your thumb at us, sir?

Sampson

I do bite my thumb, sir.

I am biting my thumb, sir.

Abram

Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?

Are you biting your thumb at us, sir?

Sampson

Is the law of our side if I say ay?

(to Gregory) Is the law on our side if I say yes?

Gregory

No.

No.

Sampson

No sir, I do not bite my thumb at you, sir; but I bite my thumb, sir.40

No, sir, I'm not biting my thumb at you, sirbut I am biting my thumb, sir.

Gregory

Do you quarrel, sir?

Are you looking for a fight, sir?

Abram

Quarrel, sir? No, sir.

A fight, sir? No, sir.

Sampson

But if you do, sir, I am for you.

But if you are, sir, I'm ready for you.

I serve as good a man as you.

I serve a master as good as yours.

Abram

No better.

Not better.

Sampson

Well, sir.45

Well, sir.

Enter Benvolio

Gregory

Say better; here comes one of my master’s kinsmen.

Say "better" — here comes one of my master's relatives.

Sampson

Yes, better, sir.

Yes, better, sir.

Abram

You lie.

You're lying.

Sampson

Draw, if you be men.

Draw your swords, if you're men.

Gregory, remember thy washing blow.

Gregory, remember that hard swing of yours.

_They fight._

Benvolio

Part, fools! put up your swords, you know not what you do.50

Stop fighting, you fools! Put your swords awayyou don't know what you're doing.

_Beats down their swords._

Enter Tybalt

Tybalt

What, art thou drawn among these heartless hinds?

Whatdrawing your sword against these cowardly servants?

Turn thee Benvolio, look upon thy death.

Turn around, Benvolio, and face your death.

Benvolio

I do but keep the peace, put up thy sword,

Or manage it to part these men with me.

I'm only keeping the peace. Put your sword away, or use it to help me break up this fight.

Tybalt

What, drawn, and talk of peace?55

Whatsword drawn, and talking about peace?

I hate the word55

As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee:

I hate that word the way I hate hell, and all Montagues, and you.

Have at thee, coward.

Take this, coward!

_They fight._

Enter three or four Citizens with clubs

First Citizen

Clubs, bills and partisans!

Clubs and pikes and spears!

Strike! Beat them down!

Attack! Beat them down!

Down with the Capulets! Down with the Montagues!

Down with the Capulets! Down with the Montagues!

Enter Capulet in his gown, and Lady Capulet

Capulet

What noise is this?60

What's all this noise?

Give me my long sword, ho!60

Bring me my long sword!

Lady Capulet

A crutch, a crutch!

A crutch is more like it!

Why call you for a sword?

Why do you need a sword?

Capulet

My sword, I say!

My sword, I said!

Old Montague is come,

And flourishes his blade in spite of me.

Old Montague is here, and he's waving his blade just to spite me.

Enter Montague and his Lady Montague

Montague

Thou villain Capulet!

You villain, Capulet!

Hold me not, let me go.

Let go of melet me at him!

Lady Montague

Thou shalt not stir one foot to seek a foe.65

You will not take one step toward that fight.

Enter Prince Escalus, with Attendants

Prince

Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace,

Profaners of this neighbour-stained steel,—

You rebellious subjects, enemies of peace, you who stain this steel with the blood of your neighbors

Will they not hear?

will they not listen?

What, ho!

Stop, I say!

You men, you beasts,

That quench the fire of your pernicious rage

With purple fountains issuing from your veins,70

On pain of torture, from those bloody hands

Throw your mistemper’d weapons to the ground

And hear the sentence of your moved prince.

You menyou animals, who put out the fire of your destructive rage with fountains of blood pouring from your own veinson pain of torture, drop those savage weapons from your bloody hands and hear the judgment of your angry prince.

Three civil brawls, bred of an airy word,

By thee, old Capulet, and Montague,75

Have thrice disturb’d the quiet of our streets,

And made Verona’s ancient citizens

Cast by their grave beseeming ornaments,

To wield old partisans, in hands as old,

Canker’d with peace, to part your canker’d hate.80

Three street brawls, bred out of some careless word from you, old Capulet, and from you, Montague, have three times now shattered the peace of our streets, forcing Verona's own respected elders to cast off the dignified clothing that suits their age and instead take up old pikes in hands grown just as oldweapons long rusted with disusejust to pry apart your rusted, festering hatred.

If ever you disturb our streets again,

Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace.

If you ever disturb our streets again, your lives will pay the price for breaking the peace.

For this time all the rest depart away:

For now, everyone else may leave.

You, Capulet, shall go along with me,

And Montague, come you this afternoon,85

To know our farther pleasure in this case,

To old Free-town, our common judgement-place.

You, Capulet, will come with me; and Montague, you will come this afternoon to Free-town, our usual courthouse, to learn what further judgment I have in this matter.

Once more, on pain of death, all men depart.

Once moreon pain of deatheveryone disperse.

_Exeunt Prince and Attendants; Capulet, Lady Capulet, Tybalt,

Citizens and Servants._

Montague

Who set this ancient quarrel new abroach?

Who started this old feud all over again?

Speak, nephew, were you by when it began?90

Speak up, nephewwere you here when it began?

Benvolio

Here were the servants of your adversary

And yours, close fighting ere I did approach.

The servants of your enemy and your own servants were already fighting hard by the time I arrived.

I drew to part them, in the instant came

The fiery Tybalt, with his sword prepar’d,

Which, as he breath’d defiance to my ears,95

He swung about his head, and cut the winds,

Who nothing hurt withal, hiss’d him in scorn.

I drew my sword to separate them, and just then, the hot-tempered Tybalt showed up, sword already drawn, and while he was shouting insults at me, he swung it around his head and slashed at the airwhich, unhurt, only hissed back at him in mockery.

While we were interchanging thrusts and blows

Came more and more, and fought on part and part,

Till the Prince came, who parted either part.100

While we were trading thrusts and blows, more men kept arriving on both sides and joined the fight, until the Prince came and pulled everyone apart.

Lady Montague

O where is Romeo, saw you him today?

Oh, where is Romeo? Have you seen him today?

Right glad I am he was not at this fray.

I'm very glad he wasn't caught up in this fight.

Benvolio

Madam, an hour before the worshipp’d sun

Peer’d forth the golden window of the east,

A troubled mind drave me to walk abroad,105

Madam, an hour before the sun first peeked over the golden edge of the eastern sky, my restless mind drove me to go out walking.

Where underneath the grove of sycamore

That westward rooteth from this city side,

So early walking did I see your son.

There, beneath the grove of sycamore trees that grows west of the city, I saw your son out early as well.

Towards him I made, but he was ware of me,

And stole into the covert of the wood.110

I walked toward him, but he noticed me and slipped away into the cover of the woods.

I, measuring his affections by my own,

Which then most sought where most might not be found,

Being one too many by my weary self,

Pursu’d my humour, not pursuing his,

And gladly shunn’d who gladly fled from me.115

Since I judged his feelings by my ownwanting most to be where no one else wasI followed my own mood instead of chasing him, and gladly avoided someone who clearly wanted to avoid me.

Montague

Many a morning hath he there been seen,

With tears augmenting the fresh morning’s dew,

Adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs;

He's been seen there many a morning, adding his tears to the morning dew and piling up more clouds with his heavy sighs.

But all so soon as the all-cheering sun

Should in the farthest east begin to draw120

The shady curtains from Aurora’s bed,

Away from light steals home my heavy son,

And private in his chamber pens himself,

Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out

And makes himself an artificial night.125

But as soon as the sun — which cheers everyone elsebegins to draw back the shadowy curtains from the east at dawn, my gloomy son steals away from the light, home to his room, shuts himself in privately, closes his windows, blocks out the beautiful daylight, and makes his own artificial night.

Black and portentous must this humour prove,

Unless good counsel may the cause remove.

This mood of his is bound to turn dark and dangerous, unless someone can talk him out of whatever's causing it.

Benvolio

My noble uncle, do you know the cause?

My good uncle, do you know the cause?

Montague

I neither know it nor can learn of him.

I don't know it, and I can't get him to tell me.

Benvolio

Have you importun’d him by any means?130

Have you tried pressing him about it?

Montague

Both by myself and many other friends;

Both I myself and many friends have tried.

But he, his own affections’ counsellor,

Is to himselfI will not say how true

But to himself so secret and so close,

So far from sounding and discovery,135

As is the bud bit with an envious worm

Ere he can spread his sweet leaves to the air,

Or dedicate his beauty to the sun.

But he keeps his own feelings locked up in himselfI won't say how honestlybut he's so secretive and closed off, so far from opening up or being understood, that he's like a flower bud bitten by an envious worm before it can ever spread its petals to the air or show its beauty to the sun.

Could we but learn from whence his sorrows grow,

We would as willingly give cure as know.140

If only we could learn where his sorrow comes from, we'd be just as eager to cure it as to understand it.

Enter Romeo

Benvolio

See, where he comes.

Lookhere he comes.

So please you step aside;

I’ll know his grievance or be much denied.

Please step aside; I'll find out what's troubling him, or be flatly refused.

Montague

I would thou wert so happy by thy stay

To hear true shrift.

I only wish you'd have the luck to hear him truly confide in you.

Come, madam, let’s away,

Come, my lady, let's go.

_Exeunt Montague and Lady Montague._

Benvolio

Good morrow, cousin.145

Good morning, cousin.

Romeo

Is the day so young?

Is it still so early in the day?

Benvolio

But new struck nine.

It just struck nine.

Romeo

Ay me, sad hours seem long.

Ah, sad hours feel so long.

Was that my father that went hence so fast?

Was that my father who just hurried off?

Benvolio

It was.150

It was.

What sadness lengthens Romeo’s hours?150

What sadness is stretching out Romeo's hours?

Romeo

Not having that which, having, makes them short.

Not having the thing that, if I had it, would make them short.

Benvolio

In love?

You're in love?

Romeo

Out.

Out.

Benvolio

Of love?

Out of love?

Romeo

Out of her favour where I am in love.155

Out of favor with the woman I love.

Benvolio

Alas that love so gentle in his view,

Should be so tyrannous and rough in proof.

It's a shame that love, which looks so gentle, turns out to be so cruel and rough once you're actually in it.

Romeo

Alas that love, whose view is muffled still,

Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will!

It's a shame that loveblindfolded as he iscan still find his way to exactly what he wants without needing eyes!

Where shall we dine?160

Where should we eat?

O me! What fray was here?160

Ohwhat happened here?

Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all.

No, don't tell me, I already heard the whole thing.

Here’s much to do with hate, but more with love:

There's plenty of hate in this, but even more love.

Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!

O anything, of nothing first create!

O heavy lightness! serious vanity!165

Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms!

Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!

Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!

Sooh, quarrelsome love! Loving hate! Oh, everything born out of nothing! Oh heavy lightness, serious foolishness! A shapeless jumble of things that look orderly! Feathers made of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health! A sleep that never stops being awake, that isn't what it seems!

This love feel I, that feel no love in this.

This is the love I feel, and yet I feel no love in any of it.

Dost thou not laugh?170

Doesn't that make you laugh?

Benvolio

No coz, I rather weep.

No, cousinit makes me want to cry.

Romeo

Good heart, at what?

Kind soulbut why?

Benvolio

At thy good heart’s oppression.

Because your kind heart is so weighed down.

Romeo

Why such is love’s transgression.

Well, that's just what love does to a person.

Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast,175

Which thou wilt propagate to have it prest

With more of thine.

My own griefs already sit heavy in my chest, and by sharing your sympathy you're only going to press them down harder with more grief of your own.

This love that thou hast shown

Doth add more grief to too much of mine own.

This love you've shown me only adds more sorrow to the sorrow I already carry.

Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs;

Love is a kind of smoke made from the fumes of sighs.

Being purg’d, a fire sparkling in lovers’ eyes;180

Once it clears, it's a fire that sparkles in lovers' eyes.

Being vex’d, a sea nourish’d with lovers’ tears:

When it's troubled, it's a sea fed by lovers' tears.

What is it else?

What else is it?

A madness most discreet,

A choking gall, and a preserving sweet.

A very rational kind of madness, a bitter, choking substance, and a sweet one that somehow preserves you.

Farewell, my coz.

Farewell, cousin.

_Going._

Benvolio

Soft! I will go along:185

WaitI'll come with you.

And if you leave me so, you do me wrong.

It would be wrong of you to leave me like this.

Romeo

Tut! I have lost myself; I am not here.

TutI've lost myself; I'm not even here.

This is not Romeo, he’s some other where.

This isn't Romeohe's off somewhere else.

Benvolio

Tell me in sadness who is that you love?

Tell me seriouslywho is it you love?

Romeo

What, shall I groan and tell thee?190

What, should I groan it out for you?

Benvolio

Groan! Why, no; but sadly tell me who.

Groan? Nojust tell me seriously, who.

Romeo

Bid a sick man in sadness make his will,

A word ill urg’d to one that is so ill.

Ask a sick man to seriously write his willthat's a poor request to make of someone so ill.

In sadness, cousin, I do love a woman.

Seriously, cousin, I'm in love with a woman.

Benvolio

I aim’d so near when I suppos’d you lov’d.195

I guessed pretty close when I figured you were in love.

Romeo

A right good markman, and she’s fair I love.

A fine marksman — and yes, she's beautiful, the woman I love.

Benvolio

A right fair mark, fair coz, is soonest hit.

A fair target, dear cousin, is the easiest one to hit.

Romeo

Well, in that hit you miss:

Well, there you're wrong

she’ll not be hit

With Cupid’s arrow, she hath Dian’s wit;

she won't be hit. She has Diana's wit and won't be struck by Cupid's arrow at all.

And in strong proof of chastity well arm’d,200

From love’s weak childish bow she lives uncharm’d.

She's well protected by a strong commitment to purity, and lives entirely untouched by love's feeble, childish bow.

She will not stay the siege of loving terms

Nor bide th’encounter of assailing eyes,

Nor ope her lap to saint-seducing gold:

She won't put up with romantic pursuit, or endure being stared at with longing, or even open her lap to gold, which can seduce even saints.

O she’s rich in beauty, only poor205

That when she dies, with beauty dies her store.

Oh, she's rich in beautybut poor in this one way: that when she dies, all that beauty dies with her, unused.

Benvolio

Then she hath sworn that she will still live chaste?

So she's sworn to stay a virgin forever?

Romeo

She hath, and in that sparing makes huge waste;

She has — and by holding back like that, she wastes so much.

For beauty starv’d with her severity,

Cuts beauty off from all posterity.210

Because beauty starved by her own strict self-denial cuts off that beauty from ever being passed on.

She is too fair, too wise; wisely too fair,

To merit bliss by making me despair.

She's too beautiful, too wisewise enough to know her beauty is what makes me despair, and never grants herself the reward of it.

She hath forsworn to love, and in that vow

Do I live dead, that live to tell it now.

She's sworn off love entirely, and because of that vow, I'm living a kind of death, alive only to tell you about it now.

Benvolio

Be rul’d by me, forget to think of her.215

Take my advicestop thinking about her.

Romeo

O teach me how I should forget to think.

Oh, teach me how to stop thinking, then.

Benvolio

By giving liberty unto thine eyes;

Examine other beauties.

By letting your eyes wander freelygo look at other beautiful women.

Romeo

’Tis the way

To call hers, exquisite, in question more.220

That would only make me think of hers, the finest of all, even more.

These happy masks that kiss fair ladies’ brows,

Being black, puts us in mind they hide the fair;

Those pretty masks that brush against beautiful women's foreheadsbeing black, they only remind us there's beauty hidden underneath.

He that is strucken blind cannot forget

The precious treasure of his eyesight lost.

A man struck blind can never forget the precious sight he's lost.

Show me a mistress that is passing fair,225

What doth her beauty serve but as a note

Where I may read who pass’d that passing fair?

Show me the most stunningly beautiful woman there iswhat good is her beauty except as a reminder of the woman who surpassed even her?

Farewell, thou canst not teach me to forget.

Farewellyou can't teach me to forget.

Benvolio

I’ll pay that doctrine, or else die in debt.

I'll prove that teaching right, or die trying.

_Exeunt._

Famous lines in this scene

Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace, line 66

The Prince's furious speech breaking up the street brawl is the moment the play establishes its stakes: any further fighting between the families means death. This law is what later forces Romeo into exile rather than execution after he kills Tybalt, making this speech the hinge the whole plot turns on.

Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate! line 163

Romeo's string of contradictions (oxymorons) — 'brawling love,' 'loving hate,' 'heavy lightness' — captures how love feels irrational and self-contradictory to him even before he's met Juliet. It's a famous early example of Shakespeare using paradox to show a character's confused emotional state, and it sets up the far more dangerous contradiction of loving a family enemy.

Confused by a different line? Paste any Shakespeare — any play, any edition — and get it in modern English.

Studying the language itself? Our Shakespearean English course teaches thou/thee, the verbs, and the meter — free through Unit 2. Or try the Shakespearean English translator.